FR·EE--墨西哥国家生物多样性展馆
国家生物多样性展馆是墨西哥国立自治大学的新建筑，位于大学城的文化走廊。该项目旨在扩充和保护生物研究所的档案，并为拉丁美洲最大的灭绝物种收藏馆的科学研究创建专题实验室。The National Biodiversity Pavilion is a new space for UNAM, located in the cultural corridor of Ciudad Universitaria. The project was designed to grow and conserve the archives of the Institute of Biology, as well as to create thematic laboratories for the scientific study of the largest collection of extinct species in Latin America.
▼鸟瞰建筑，aerial view of the building © Mariola Soberón
▼从街道望向建筑，building viewing across the street © Mariola Soberón
该项目从不同的角度运作。从概念上讲，建筑设计理念提出了一种放射状形式，这种模式源于对生命之树的诠释，以及万物相联的理念。位于建筑中心的楼梯代表了DNA的双螺旋结构。DNA分子包含了所有生物的基因构成，也是地球上所有物种的来源。建筑中心的楼梯是连接不同空间的建筑元素。它连接了通往展厅、档案馆和实验室的通道，形成了一个放射状平面，代表了生物多样性的无限可能性。在材料方面，铝制玻璃幕墙和由当地石材制成的基座将展馆与场地直接相连。
The project operates from different perspectives. Conceptually, the architectural concept proposes a radiating pattern that arises from the interpretation of the tree of life and the idea that every living being is connected. The stairs, located in the center of the building, represent the double helix of DNA, the molecule that contains the genetic makeup of all living things and the source of every species on the planet. The staircase located at the epicenter of the building is the element that connects the different spaces of the pavilion. It connects the pathways to the exhibition halls, the archive, and the laboratories, forming a radiating floor plan that represents the infinite possibilities of biodiversity. In material terms, the aluminum-glass façade and the base made of local stone connect the pavilion directly to the site.
▼建筑概览，overview of the building © César Belio
▼铝制玻璃幕墙和石制基座，the aluminum-glass façade andmasonry base © César Belio
展馆建筑面积超过1.1万平方米，包括展厅和多媒体室，一个数字图书馆，办公室，存储区和实验室，分为三层，呈环形布局。
The pavilion, with more than 11,000 square meters of construction, contains an exhibition hall and multimedia rooms, a digital library, offices, storage area, and laboratories, all arranged on three levels around a circular layout.
▼建筑入口，entrance © Mariola Soberón
建筑每层都有三层环。第一环面向公众，从平面的中心开始，设有垂直交通和常设展陈。第二层环为内部使用，容纳着藏品。最后一环位于最外侧边缘，保护着其余部分，设置了专门的咨询空间、实验室和馆长办公室。每个楼层的这种区域组合使建筑的临时使用者和永久使用者之间能够进行互动。环形平面图实现了两个主要目标：一方面，它通过单一的垂直交通核将所有空间连为一体。另一方面，根据具体的需求，它以波浪形式或开或合的立面，实现 360 度的全景自然景观。
Each level has three rings. The first ring is for the general public and begins at the center with a vertical circulation and permanent exhibits. The second ring is for internal use and houses the collections. The last ring, which protects the rest of the program and is located at the edge of the façade, is used for specialized consultation spaces, laboratories, and curatorial offices. This mix of zones on each floor enables interaction between the building’s temporary and permanent users. The circular floor plan achieved two main objectives: on the one hand, it unites all the spaces through a single vertical core. On the other, it creates 360-degree panoramic views of the natural landscape through its façade that opens and closes in the form of a wave, based on the specific needs of the program.
▼一层展厅，ground floor exhibition © César Belio
▼环形楼梯，spiral staircase © top: César Belio; bottom: Mariola Soberón
▼单一垂直交通核将所有空间连为一体，a single vertical core unites all the spaces through © Mariola Soberón
▼楼梯代表了DNA的双螺旋结构，the stairs represent the double helix of DNA © César Belio
▼仰视楼梯，upwards view of the stair © César Belio
如何分配研究所的四类馆藏（哺乳动物、爬行动物、鱼类和鸟类）的档案室是一项重大挑战，有相当多的面积需要分配。每种收藏都需要策略性地满足满足其在气候、存储和未来扩张方面的需求。为确保正常的场馆运行，配备了高密度储存压实机。这些设备运行在可移动金属轨道上，可以在最小的空间内储存尽可能多的种类。此外在圆形平面结构内布置了正交的结构，以优化存储区域，并为未来增长留出空间。
A major challenge was how to distribute the archives of the Institute’s four collections—mammals, reptiles, fish and birds—due to the considerable number of square meters that had to be allocated. Each collection was strategically located to meet its needs in terms of climate, storage, and future growth. To ensure proper operation, it includes high-density storage compactors. These run on mobile metal rails to store as many species as possible in the smallest possible space. It also includes an orthogonal structure within the circular structure to optimize the storage areas and allow for future growth.
▼馆藏室配备高密度存储压实机，collection room includes high-density storage compactors © César Belio
建筑需经由一个交错的广场进入，与文化长廊相连；这一层容纳了最大的展览区和四个馆藏室中的三个，以及许多实验室。根据技术要求，二层是最封闭的，容纳了一个馆藏室、分子生物学实验室、报告厅和行政办公室。底层则顺应不平坦的地形，包含了公众常使用的空间，如商店、餐厅和数字图书馆。将这些区域布置在这里，利用了可以直接看到采石场的良好视野，同时创造了宁静和内省的氛围。此外，场地处于大学的文化走廊中，位置优越，为该项目增加了扩展空间，以激发游客对科学事业的兴趣。
The building is accessed through a staggered esplanade that welcomes visitors and connects to the cultural corridor; this floor houses the largest exhibition area and three of the four collections, along with laboratories. The first level is the most enclosed in accordance with technical requirements and houses one of the collections, the molecular biology laboratory, the auditorium, and the administrative offices. The lower level reflects the uneven terrain; it contains the spaces with the most public use, such as the store, the cafeteria, and the digital library. By placing these areas here, it takes advantage of the direct view of the quarry while creating a quiet and introspective atmosphere. In addition, the privileged location of the site, immersed in the university’s cultural corridor, added outreach spaces to the program, in order to spark an interest in scientific careers among visitors.
▼展厅，exhibition space © César Belio
在外立面方面，最下层整合了环绕建筑的自然空间景观，起到了展示当地生物多样性的作用。上面两都层为双层外墙，由玻璃和多孔铝板组成，既能提供可操控的视野，又能根据内部空间的采光和通风需求而完全打开。这种立面由数千个 30×20 厘米的铝模块组成，可随风运动。这种运动由场地的气候条件产生，暗示了其在持续进化的生物多样性方面的重要性，从而创造出了一个有生命的立面。建筑的基座由一种火山石Cantera砌成，这是当地生物多样性中最具特色的元素。火山石诞生自Xitle火山爆发，大学城所在地佩德雷加尔地区也因此得名。值得注意的是，墙壁也是用这些砌地基的石头所砌的。
In terms of its façades, the lower level functions as a showcase for endemic biodiversity by directly integrating views of the natural space surrounding the building. Both upper levels have a double façade of glass and multi-perforated aluminum that offers controlled views and unfolds in response to the lighting and ventilation needs of the interior spaces. The result is a façade made up of thousands of 30×20 cm aluminum modules that move with the wind. This movement is produced by the site’s climatic conditions and alludes to its importance in the evolution and permanence of biodiversity, creating a living façade. The base of the building is built with cantera, a volcanic stone that is the most characteristic element of the local biodiversity. It was formed by the Xitle explosion that gave its name to Pedregal, the area where Ciudad Universitaria is located. Notably, the same stone that was removed for the foundations was used to construct these walls.
▼双层外墙由玻璃和多孔铝板组成，double façade of glass and multi-perforated aluminum © César Belio
▼30×20 厘米的铝模块，30×20 cm aluminum modules © Mariola Soberón
▼立面细部，details of the facade © Mariola Soberón
该项目可以被总结为公共空间与内部空间的融合，游客可以在这里与展品和场地互动。这种互动唤起了人们对物种研究与保护的相关问题的好奇心。
The project can be summarized as a fusion between public and private spaces, where visitors can interact with the exhibits and the site. This interaction awakens curiosity about all the issues that underlie the study and conservation of these species.
▼首层平面图，ground floor plan © FR·EE
▼二层平面图，first floor plan © FR·EE
▼负一层平面图，underground floor plan © FR·EE
▼立面展开图，unflod facade © FR·EE
▼剖面图，sections © FR·EE
▼楼梯图纸， stiarcase drawings © FR·EE
▼外墙的平面展开图，unfold facade in plan © FR·EE
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