柏林冷战博物馆位于柏林中心区，介于勃兰登堡大门和洪堡论坛之间，已于2022年11月向公众开放。这座高科技的博物馆拥有两个楼层，面积超过1600平方米，从不同角度展示了从1945年至1991年苏联解体期间的冷战斗争，并借助互动虚拟应用以及精心挑选的展品讲述了能够使多代人理解的历史。
The Cold War Museum Berlin, which opened in November 2022, is centrally located in Berlin-Mitte on the boulevard Unter den Linden between the Brandenburg Gate and the Humboldt Forum. On two floors and over 1,600 sqm, the High-Tech Museum 4.0 illuminates the different facets of the Cold War from 1945 to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 and makes history tangible across generations with interactive and virtual applications and selected exhibits.
▼展览概况，Preview © Ilya Ivanov
展陈设计的规划和实施特别强调了可持续性，以及对原有建筑结构的再利用。博物馆占据了菩提树下大街14号商业大楼中的两层，在2019年8月以前曾作为某德国汽车品牌的展廊使用。既有的展示区域、楼梯、走廊以及入口通道的布局在很大程度上得到了保留；原有固定装置的主要部分也被整合到新的设计方案当中。在选择相关公司时，项目团队重点关注了它们的地域性，并对所使用的材料进行了可持续性测试。
In planning and implementing the exhibition design for the museum, particular emphasis was placed on sustainability and recycling of the original building fabric. Until August 2019, the two floors of the office and commercial building at Unter den Linden 14, where the exhibition is presented today, housed the gallery of a German automobile brand. The spatial layout of the presentation areas, staircases, galleries and access routes was largely retained, and the main part of the former fixtures was integrated into the new concept. When choosing the companies involved, attention was paid to regionality, and the materials used were tested for their sustainability.
▼首层展厅，Ground floor © Ilya Ivanov
在进入博物馆的门厅时，参观者将象征性地穿过一道“铁幕”。该装置由乌克兰艺术家Vanda Sakhatska设计，由20个钢制元件组成，遮挡住了朝向街道一侧的窗口。“铁幕”的上半部分以打孔的方式印上了数位活跃于冷战时期的政治家的肖像，包括赫尔穆特·科尔、罗纳德·里根、米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫、约瑟夫·斯大林、温斯顿·丘吉尔、哈里·杜鲁门、尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫以及约翰-肯尼迪。下半部分显示了在“核裁军运动”期间团结起来的人群形象。
To enter the museum’s foyer, visitors symbolically walk through an “Iron Curtain”. The design was created by the Ukrainian artist Vanda Sakhatska. The installation takes up the entire street-side window front and consists of 20 steel elements. The upper part is perforated with the portraits of a selection of politicians who were active in the Cold War era, including Helmut Kohl, Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, Josef Stalin, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman, Nikita S. Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy. The lower half shows life-size silhouettes of people united under the peace sign of the “Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament”.
▼博物馆门厅，Museum foyer © Ilya Ivanov
▼由乌克兰艺术家Vanda Sakhatska设计的“铁幕”装置，The “Iron Curtain”created by the Ukrainian artist Vanda Sakhatska © Ilya Ivanov
当阳光照进来时，这些人物和肖像将在门厅空间内清晰可见。从建筑外部看，穿孔板上的图案在白天并不清晰，但在灯火通明的晚上，它们将朝着林荫道的方向展现出引人瞩目的效果。不同于“铁幕“带来的冷峻感和工业感，入口区域的地面闪耀着明快的红色。
When daylight falls in, the figures and portraits are clearly visible in the foyer. During the day, they are only dimly discernible from the outside, but in the evening, when the museum is brightly lit, the perforated patterns also unfold their effect in the direction of Berlin’s boulevard. In contrast to the cold, technical, industrial steel of the “Iron Curtain”, the floor of the entrance area shines in bright red.
▼“铁幕”设计示意，”Iron Curtain” Design © TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten
▼“铁幕”的下半部分显示了在“核裁军运动”期间团结起来的人群形象，The lower half of the “Iron Curtain”shows life-size silhouettes of people united under the peace sign of the “Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament” © Ilya Ivanov
▼细节，Detailed view © Ilya Ivanov
首层展区从一个水闸状的入口进入。展览第一部分的地面被设计为黑白相间的棋盘图案，游走在其中的观众就此成为了“活的棋子”，从而以一种沉浸的方式感受冷战的历史。
展厅内的互动显示器将展示当代纪录片资料、照片、动画和见证者视频；经过挑选的展品则在展示柜中轮流呈现。语音导览可通过二维码激活，使游客可以通过智能手机顺利完成观展之旅。
The exhibition area on the ground floor is entered through an entrance sluice. The floor in the first section of the exhibition is designed in a black and white chessboard pattern: as living chess pieces, visitors are thus immersed in the history of the Cold War.
Contemporary documentary film material, photos, animations and eyewitness videos can be called up on interactive monitors, while selected exhibits are presented alternately in display cases. An audio guide can be activated via a QR code, allowing visitors to navigate through the museum with their own smartphones.
▼展览第一部分的地面被设计为黑白相间的棋盘图案，The floor in the first section of the exhibition is designed in a black and white chessboard pattern © Ilya Ivanov
嵌有显示器的墙壁以刷成锈红色的耐候钢包覆，在有减弱照明的房间及其黑色天花板的映衬下，这种材料产生的锈迹将使人联想到老旧的工业厂房，在展现象征意义的同时，又与Enrico Mau和Fabian Brueckner创作的涂鸦墙壁形成了呼应的关系。
The monitors are embedded in the walls, which are clad with coated, rust-red patinated Corten steel. In the deliberately reduced lighting of the room with its dark ceilings, the patina of the material, reminiscent of ageing industrial plants, unfolds its full effect and symbolic power, especially in the interplay with the graffiti-covered wall areas by Enrico Mau aka Demut and Fabian Brueckner aka Kirk.
▼耐候钢展墙和涂鸦墙壁，The patina of corten steel interplays with the graffiti-covered wall areas © Ilya Ivanov
▼涂鸦墙壁细节，Wall surface detailed view © Ilya Ivanov
位于楼梯对面的展览区域被设想为一条柏林的街道，它为Boris Hars- Tschachotin的装置作品留出了空间，参观者可通过VR眼镜进行体验。该区域从不同角度展示了东德士兵Conrad Schumann那著名的“自由一跃”——该事件发生在1961年8月15日，其位置就在柏林Bernauer和Ruppiner街道转角处的封锁边界。
The section of the exhibition opposite the staircase to the first floor, designed with a view of a Berlin street, is reserved for an installation by Boris Hars- Tschachotin that can be experienced with virtual reality glasses. It shows from different perspectives the famous “leap to freedom” of the GDR policeman Conrad Schumann on 15 August 1961 over the barbed wire of the provisional sector border at the corner of Bernauer Strasse and Ruppiner Strasse in Berlin.
▼首层展览空间，Exhibition space on the ground floor © Ilya Ivanov
通往其他展区的楼梯间墙壁也布满了精美的主题涂鸦。从上方的台阶向底层看时，参观者的目光将不可避免地落在赫鲁晓夫和肯尼迪的双人画像上，其配文“Two sides, the same story”强调出贯穿整个博物馆的概念线索，表明了冷战时期国际间的复杂关系；与此同时，首层的“棋盘”借由这一角度再次吸引了观众的注意。
The walls of the staircase leading to the other exhibition areas are also covered with elaborate thematic graffiti. The view from the upper steps towards the ground floor inevitably falls on a double portrait of Nikita S. Khrushchev and John F. Kennedy, which with the slogan “Two sides, the same story” picks up the red thread of the museum concept and refers to the international complexity of the Cold War era. It is no coincidence that the chessboard on the ground floor once again catches the viewer’s eye from this perspective.
▼赫鲁晓夫和肯尼迪的双人画像 © Ilya Ivanov
The double portrait of Khrushchev and Kennedy
▼楼梯间墙壁也布满了精美的主题涂鸦 © Ilya Ivanov
The walls of the staircase are covered with elaborate thematic graffiti
在二层展区，可以看见与楼下相似的材料、展示和设计理念。另外，该层还包含一个东德时期的房间的复制品，采用了当时典型的墙纸和室内陈设。观众还将看到一颗仿制的“斯普特尼克1号” 苏联卫星，以及位于两层楼之间的“胖子”（即Fat Man，1945年8月9日投掷于日本长崎的原子弹）的模型。在通往入口区的展廊处，人们将再次看到“铁幕”和Dvina S-75导弹实物——后者在今天仍然是世界上使用最广泛的防空导弹系统之一。
An analogous material, presentation and design concept can be found on the upper floor. In addition, a replica of a GDR room has been created here with original wallpaper and interiors typical of the period. A replica of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1 floats before the visitors’ eyes, and between the two floors of the museum is a replica of the “Fat Man” atomic bomb that was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki on 9 August 1945. From the gallery towards the entrance area, the view is again drawn to the Iron Curtain as well as to an original Dvina S-75 missile, which is still one of the most widely used anti-aircraft systems in the world.
▼二层展区，Exhibition space on the upper floor © Ilya Ivanov
▼中庭装置，Installations located in the atriums © Ilya Ivanov
▼Dvina S-75导弹实物，The original Dvina S-75 missile © Ilya Ivanov
▼展览一角，Exhibition view © Ilya Ivanov
▼设计草图，Design sketches © Sergei Tchoban
▼首层平面图，Ground floor plan © TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten
▼二层平面图，First floor plan © TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten
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